CASP3 and chronic liver failure: Similarly, in the presence of leucine stimulation myotubes treated with serum from ESLD patients showed elevated levels of MAFbx (59%), Caspase 3 (102%) and LC3A/B (237%) compared with CON treated myotubes with leucine (p = 0.007, d = 2.4; p = 0.01, d = 2.2; p = 0.02, d = 2.8, respectively).