For future studies it would also be important to further optimize the antibody panels of single-cell CyTOF for the detection of malignant T cells combined with detection of co-stimulatory signals (e.g., CD80) [38], immune modulatory signals (e.g., CD137, CD134, and CTLA4) [39,40,41], T-cell exhaustion (e.g., ICOS) [42], and cytokine and chemokine receptors [43,44] to further dissect the tumor microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.