MLANA and neoplasm: However, reductions in average tumor sizes occurred in animals receiving αCTLA-4 monotherapy, i.d. (p < 0.05) starting at 15 d.p.i., and in animals receiving αPD-1 monotherapy i.d., starting at 14 d.p.i. Vaccination with Melan-A VLP alone (Figure 4C) or in combination with CBI significantly reduced the average tumor size.