As shown in Figure 8C, the density of cells expressing PD-L1+ cells (T-cells, CK19+ tumor cells, and predominantly macrophages) were elevated in animals receiving combination CBI wholly through i.v. and i.d. routes, but not when αCTLA-4 and αPD-1 were respectively administered i.d. and i.v. In addition, CK19 was validated as a melanocyte marker in B16F10 cells. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.