To test if Gi/o-GPCR signaling drives CSCs resistance to HER2-targeted therapy, the effect of PTx treatment was tested in CSCs from two model systems: Neu cells, a primary tumor cell line from tumors of Neu mice, and human HER2+ breast cancer cell lines, BT474 and BT474R (a trastuzumab-resistant derivative of BT474 cells). Here, ERBB2 is linked to breast carcinoma.