TIA1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Indeed, in colorectal cancer, TIA1 downregulation contributes to the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., COX-2), thus promoting cancer growth [13,14], while in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, TIA1 acts as an oncogene by protecting the mRNAs from other oncogenes (e.g., SKP2, CCNA2) [15].