CCL4 and neoplasm: More importantly, although CCL3 [157] and CCL4 [191] can contribute to the recruitment of CD8+ T cells promoting the anti-tumour immunity, CCL5 [158], in its pro-tumourigenic role, was able to induce immune escape by reducing CD8+ T cell infiltration by Treg cell-derived TGF-β in the TME, both in murine and human colon cancer (Table 1).