Its anti-tumoural function was reported two decades ago causing tumour rejection of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing colon cancer cells transplanted into mice [141]; nevertheless, a few years later its dual effect was demonstrated, since neutrophil depletion in mice bearing transplantable tumours showed a reduced tumour growth [142,143]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.