On the other hand, the stimulation of PPAT explants with PC3 culture media induced TNF-α upregulation along with other proinflammatory adipokines associated with cancer progression such as osteopontin and IL-6 and reduced the expression of the protective adipokine adiponectin [148].Adding to its numerous roles, PPAT TNF-α has a lipolytic role which increases the release of FFAs, a major source of energy for PCa [154,357]. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and posterior cortical atrophy.