We also need to distinguish between bespoke molecular testing, when the pathologist is simply waiting for the physician to request evaluation of the KRAS status, and reflex molecular testing, performed by the pathologist for all diagnoses of NS-NSCLC, even without knowing the disease stage at the time of diagnosis and whatever the sample type (tissue biopsies, cytological sample, surgically resected specimen, etc.). The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.