TNF and gastric ulcer: Based on previous research, the pro-inflammatory mediators, e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, and neutrophil infiltration, are the main factors in gastric mucosal injury, while cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-10 play a key role in the occurrence and development of gastric ulcer; the mechanism of alcohol-induced gastric injury has not been fully elucidated [5].