VCAM1 and cancer: Many studies have reported that purified ITCs (including SF, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), BITC, PEITC) or brassica diets increase Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression (NQO1, superoxide dismutase (SOD), heme oxygenase-1(HO-1), and others) and/or reduce proinflammatory mediators’ gene expression (NF-κB, IL-6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)) in cell and animal models of cancer or inflammation [30,56,57,58].