NPPB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Indeed, several biomarkers demonstrated a prognostic value for COPD such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, brain type natriuretic peptide (BNB), N- terminal pro-BNP (NT Pro BNP), troponin, VEGF, surfactant protein D and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (46, 47).