APP and Alzheimer disease: AD pathogenesis is characterized by neuropathological conditions including formation and deposition of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates [a 39-42 amino acid long peptide produced in vivo via specific, proteolytic division of amyloid precursor protein (APP)] and formation of neurofibrillary tangles due to accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (microtubule-associated protein expressed in neurons for functioning of cytoskeletal network in terms of microtubule assembly) (Mohd Sairazi and Sirajudeen, 2020).