Recent research (Yan et al., 2009; Paschka et al., 2010; Borger et al., 2012) revealed that frequent hematologic and somatic cell variation of IDH1 have been related to certain cancers, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), gliomas (grade II and III), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and some other sarcomas. The gene discussed is IDH1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.