CRNDE also promotes cell proliferation and growth of glioma cells by regulating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways.41, 42 Second, CRNDE acts as an miR-186 sponge to upregulate the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) and p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 5 (PAK5), thereby modulating the downstream apoptosis pathway.43 This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and central nervous system cancer.