PRKN and Parkinson disease: Serine/threonine kinases, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1), and E3 ubiquitin ligases, Parkin, are the most classical mechanisms in the study of mitophagy; PINK1 and Parkin mutations can lead to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which further promotes the occurrence of neuronal degeneration and ultimately leads to Parkinson's disease [64].