In the present study, we established the diabetes model in C57BL/6J mice by streptozotocin (STZ) injection and showed that spinal IGF-1/IGF1R signaling and particularly microglial IGF-1 diminished along with pain-like behaviors, spinal neuroinflammation, and augmented M1 microglial polarization. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and diabetes mellitus.