Additionally, anti-programmed cell death ligand-1/ligand-L1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade, which can relieve immunosuppression and enhance nanocomposite-based immunochemotherapeutic efficacy, was applied in vivo to suppress the growth of both primary breast tumor growth and the progression to metastasis (Scheme 1)44-46. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is breast neoplasm.