Thus, it will be interesting to test whether the PINCH-1-NEDD4-IGF-1R signaling axis delineated in the current study also contributes to the increase of IGF-1R expression in other cancer types in which both PINCH-1 and IGF-1R are upregulated, and if so, whether inhibition of the PINCH-1-NEDD4-IGF-1R signaling axis can alleviate the progression of these cancers. Here, NEDD4 is linked to cancer.