Studies that investigated the effects of GLP-1R agonism in atherosclerosis in the context of monocyte adhesion 37, foam cell formation 38, and macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes 39 all used high doses of GLP-1R agonists (100-300 μg/kg) with either daily injections or continuous osmotic pump infusions; with one study employing adeno-associated virus overexpression of the GLP-1 and its split products 40. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and atherosclerosis.