IL9 and tuberculosis: To identify a protein signature associated with Active TB, univariate feature selection was applied using logistic regression (18), and identified a 6-protein signature, comprising bFGF, GCSF, IFNγ, IL9, IP10, and MIP1α (Table 2A) that differentiated Active TB from Mtb infected with an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81–0.98; Figure 4A), sensitivity of 79.3% (95% CI, 60.3–92.0) and specificity of 83.3% (95% CI, 65.3–98.9) (Table 2B).