CD8A and infection: Although the capacity of CD8+ T cells to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and GZB was not significantly different between individuals with Long-COVID and those who completely recovered, the sustained presence of these cytotoxic cell populations from the adaptive immune system indicated that the participants from the Long-COVID group had developed a potent memory response against SARS-CoV-2 that was still fully active after more than 49 weeks post-infection, whereas this response had waned in the Recovered group once the infection was cleared.