Further comparisons between patients with Hunner’s lesion revealed other differently upregulated genes, including but not limited to ITGB2, ITGAX, CD53, CD69, SELL, IL-6, CTLA4, CCL2, and CHI3L1. These genes are responsible for the maintenance of inflammation and therefore are thought to play a role in chronic inflammation. The gene discussed is ITGAX; the disease is inflammatory response.