NFKB1 and inflammatory response: As for saikosaponin a, a triterpenoid saponin existed in Radix bupleuri, was found to ameliorate CS-induced oxidant stress and inflammatory via inhibiting CS-induced NF-κB activation and up-regulating the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, proving its therapeutic potential towards CS-induced lung inflammation (Chen et al., 2018).