Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuated CS-induced pulmonary epithelial-mesenchymal transition airway fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway in both COPD rats and HBE cells (Guan et al., 2017a; Guan et al., 2017b). Here, TGFB1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.