Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of OL and myelin development-related genes, such as Sox10 (a transcription factor that directs neural stem cells toward the glial lineage), Olig2 (a transcription factors necessary for OL development), and MBP (a structural component of myelin, expressed exclusively by myelinating glia), were significantly decreased in the VPA-induced autism model group (p < 0.05), and the mRNA levels were improved after AVP treatment (p < 0.05) (Figure 12). This evidence concerns the gene OLIG2 and autism.