Previous studies identified multiple predictive factors of early recurrence, including patient demographics (e.g. age 7), clinicopathological characteristics (e.g. bilobular distribution 10, number of metastases 7, 11, 12), features of intervention (e.g. surgical margin 10, 12), and cancer-specific biomarkers [e.g. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 10, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) 7. This evidence concerns the gene CEACAM5 and cancer.