AKT1 and glioblastoma: Clarioin et al. demonstrated that 7β-HC exerts cytotoxicity in GBM cells via the accumulation of 7β-HC esters in lipid rafts, which triggers energy stress, activates a variety of signaling pathways, such as ERK, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PI3K/Akt, and finally activates the P38 signaling pathway, leading to cell death 50.