Unfortunately, because VSMCs are not in a final differentiation state, when atherosclerosis occurs, the expression of specific markers of mature VSMCs under biochemical and biomechanical stimulation is inhibited, a large number of VSMCs differentiate into synthetic phenotypes and migrate to the intima of arterial wall under the guidance of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) (63). Here, PDGFB is linked to atherosclerosis.