Following this, ALA supplementation in TNBS-colitis rats inhibited the protein expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) that mediates leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis in IBD [69]. Here, KDR is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.