In another study, compared to EPA, DHA highly suppressed the expression of genes or proteins that involved in the pro-inflammatory response (NF-κβ1, IL-1R1/-6/-8) of human adult IECs (Caco-2 and NCM460 cells), fetal IECs (H4 cells), and neonate necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-IECs that challenged by IL-1β [64]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1R1 and necrotizing enterocolitis.