It has been confirmed that the level of cystatin C (CysC) is related to the prognosis of many diseases, for example, the increase of CysC level can predict the adverse outcome of patients with COVID-19 and heart failure [10, 11], it also means that stroke recurrence in patients with acute ischemic stroke and the increased risk of rehospitalization in patients with heart failure [11, 12]. Here, CST3 is linked to heart failure.