Guillermo Montalban-Bravo et al.42 studied a large cohort of MDS and reported lower frequency (n = 31/1900, 1.6%) of NPM1 gene mutations, predominantly identified in females (55% vs. 33%, p = 0.02) and with high frequency of normal karyotypes (81% vs. 47%, p = 0.001). The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.