PTPN11 and myelodysplastic syndrome: Our study showed that the older patients had a significantly (p = 0.03) higher incidence of DNA methylation- and hydroxyl-methylation related gene (23.2%) (DNMT3A, IDH1/2 and TET2) mutations, while younger MDS patients had higher incidence of activated signaling genes (27.3%) (CBL, GNAS, JAK2/3, KRAS, NRAS, PTPN11 and NOTCH1) mutations and transcriptional factors related genes (27.3%) (CUX1, GATA2, IKZF1, RUNX1, PHF6, ETV6, TP53 and WT1), however there was no significant difference was observed between both the age groups (Supplementary Fig. S2).