Together with sensing of epithelial and innate immune cell injury resulting from the action of B. pertussis toxins (e.g. CyaA, PT, DNT, TCT) [36,47–49,60–65], such MyD88-independent danger signaling enabled the progressive resolution of the infection at later time points, beyond week four of infection, when the activated adaptive immune responses come in play (cf. Fig 12). Here, F2 is linked to infection.