HSPA5 and human prion disease: A very recent study with an in vivo spontaneous model of TSE showed a pathogenic mechanism that accounted for endoplasmic reticulum and proteasomal stress with elevated levels of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein (BiP), protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) and ubiquitin at both preclinical and clinical mice (Otero et al. 2021).