CTLA4 and neoplasm: For example, Mager et al found that both Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Akkermansia muciniphila might synergise with anti‐CTLA4 efficacy through their common production of inosine, which might help to shift tumour‐associated CD4+ T cells to a Th1 (anti‐tumour) phenotype by agonism of adenosine receptors [110].