Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression levels of DUSP1 in U87 GBM cells and G179 GSCs (Supplementary Fig. 4C, D) treated with DMSO, 1 μM CP-673451, siCTRL or siDUSP1 with DMSO or 1 μM CP-673451, and 1 μM DUSP1 inhibitor BCI with DMSO or 1 μM CP-673451. Here, DUSP1 is linked to glioblastoma.