The potential correlation of the levels of cytokines, including interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-4 (IL-4) and PM/DM risk-associated D-loop SNPs were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (Fig. 3, Fig. S2). Here, IL4 is linked to dermatomyositis.