The present study clearly provides evidence that overexpression of S100A4, as well as NMIIA, occurs in both non-PS and Ps perinecrotic lesions and is positively correlated with HIF-1α and CA9 expression in GBM; these findings are consistent with those of other studies in esophageal and gastric carcinomas [30, 36]. Here, CA9 is linked to glioblastoma.