Notably, MPSNs@R837 (+) plus anti-PD-L1 treatment show a stronger antitumor effect than the other treatments, whereas MPSNs@R837 (+) or anti-PD-L1 treatment alone will not inhibit tumor growth significantly (Fig. 8B, C, J; Additional file 1: Fig S11A). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.