The comparison in plasma Ninj1 levels between AF patients and controls revealed that the plasma Ninj1 levels were significantly elevated in AF patients (Control vs. AF: 65.40 ± 24.99 vs. 115.59 ± 57.39 pg/mL, P < 0.001) (Fig. 1A). Here, NINJ1 is linked to atrial fibrillation.