FGF21 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: We aimed to investigate the effects of the bioactive compounds from coffee by-products and two aqueous extracts from the coffee husk and silverskin on FGF21 signaling activation and the consequent regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics, and the regulation of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism in the liver using palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated HepG2 cells as an in vitro model of NAFLD and in silico tools.