Interestingly, OVs induce a strong antiviral tumor immune response through the production of cytokines like type-1 interferon that in turn promotes PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and also cytokines, such as CCL3 and CCL4, attracting PD-1+ or CTLA-4+ immune cells within TME (296). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and neoplasm.