AFP and neoplasm: Several scholars have attempted to predict MVI using hematologic indicators, such as serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) (11) or imaging features such as peritumoral hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase (12, 13), arterial peritumoral enhancement (14), and nonsmooth tumor margins (12, 14) to find a reliable and non-invasive method for preoperative diagnosis of MVI.