During the follow-up, 79 (49.3%) patients received at least one therapy: all recombinant EPO (71 with epoetin alpha, 6 darbepoetin, median dose 40,000 U/week, range 10,000–80,000 U/week), 15 (14.2%) steroids, 3 lenalidomide for 5q syndrome (3.8%), 3 danazol (3.8%), and 1 CyA (1.2%). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and Down syndrome.