Less than 10% of the activated CD8+ T cells are HIV-specific in acute and chronic infection owing to the fact that CD8+ T cells reactive to other pathogens are expanded in individuals with HIV infection; some of which may be due to reactivation of latent pathogens including cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (109–111). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV infectious disease.