Finally, we observed T cell IFN-γ, but not IL2, responses to the S and N+M pool in some uninfected participants, suggesting cross-reactive T cells derived from prior exposure to the common cold human coronaviruses that is in agreement with previous studies that have reported SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive CD4+ T cells in unexposed people [39, 63], and others have speculated whether these may contribute to disease outcomes in COVID-19 [64]. Here, IL2 is linked to COVID-19.