Interestingly, medical conditions of the mother, not the father, e.g. autoimmune diseases and birth-related complications have been linked to both asthma and ASD (Beasley, Semprini, & Mitchell, 2015; Croen et al., 2019; Modabbernia et al., 2017), where maternal cellular immune response (including elevated TNF-α and/or cytokine levels) might explain the association to some extent (Jones et al., 2017). Here, TNF is linked to asthma.