For all-stage HCC detection, PMCA signal again showed the highest AUROC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.85–1, P < 0.0001) followed by total A-SAA (0.79; 95% CI 0.63–0.94, P = 0.0017) (Fig. 6b and Supplementary Table S2). The gene discussed is SAA2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.