For A-SAA oligomer, the HCC group (1.6 ± 1.2 fold) had a significantly higher level compared to the hepatitis group (1 ± 0.6 fold, P = 0.0125) but not to the LC group (1.3 ± 0.8 fold, P = 0.4486) (Fig. 1c). Here, SAA1 is linked to Hepatitis.