One emerging biomarker for urothelial carcinoma (UC) is expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) which, together with its receptor, programmed cell death protein (PD-1), are the targets of multiple immune-checkpoint inhibitors1–7, which have been shown to improve overall survival (OS) in the second-line (KEYNOTE-45)3 and switch maintenance settings (JAVELIN 100)5. Here, CD274 is linked to urothelial carcinoma.