CD274 and neoplasm: Although the effects of type I interferon signaling in tumor biology are context-dependent and could be either pro- or anti-tumor18, activation of tumor-intrinsic type I interferon signaling has recently been demonstrated to induce tumor immune evasion and promote tumor formation and progression, through induction of immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 expression and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment35–38.