Once activated, these antitumor CD8+ T cells and B cells cause tumor regression and can clear either newly grafted tumors or distant tumors in an OV-independent manner.94,95 Therefore, it is being increasingly acknowledged that OVs, including HSV-1,96 oncolytic VV, (OVV)97 vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV),98 MeV,99 and OAd,100 mainly generate specific and efficacious T-cell immunity to protect against tumors in an antigen-specific manner. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.