TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: These common targets were related to the TNF signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, complement and coagulation cascades, and renin–angiotensin system, which share similar mechanisms with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and various types of infectious diseases and cancers.